PMC

Effects of liposoluble or water soluble antioxidants (vitamin E or C, respectively) on the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation of cells and virions by the water soluble peroxidator AAPH as well as analyses of correlation with cell viability and virion infectivity. Antioxidant effects of cell lipoperoxidation and viability (A) as well as virion lipoperoxidation and infectivity (B) by the water soluble peroxidator AAPH. Vitamin E-BSA effect of cell lipoperoxidation and viability (C) and virion lipoperoxidation and infectivity (D) by the water soluble peroxidator AAPH. The effects of vitamin C on cell lipoperoxidation and viability (E) as well as virion lipoperoxidation and infectivity (F) by the water soluble peroxidator AAPH. Lipoperoxidation was evaluated by C11-Bodipy or by liperfluo. Average ± SD; n = 3 to 5. Correlation analyses of the effects of liposoluble or water soluble antioxidants (vitamin E or C, respectively) on cell viability or virion infectivity and their lipoperoxidation. Vitamin E, evaluated with liperfluo (I) or C11-Bodipy (J); vitamin C, evaluated with liperfluo (K) or C11-Bodipy (L) in the absence of antioxidants (evaluated with liperfluo [G] or C11-Bodipy [H]) produced by the water soluble peroxidator. Black empty squares, cell viability; green squares, liperfluo, or orange squares, C11-Bodipy, lipoperoxidation of cell membranes; black empty circles, virion infectivity; green circles, liperfluo, or orange circles, C11-Bodipy, lipoperoxidation of virion envelopes; black filled squares, correlation between cell viability versus lipid peroxidation of cell membranes; gray filled circles, correlation between virion infectivity versus lipid peroxidation of virions; red dark filled squares, vitamin E-BSA; dark blue squares, vitamin C, correlation between cell viability versus lipid peroxidation on cell membranes after preloading with antioxidants; pink light filled circles, vitamin E-BSA; and light blue circles, vitamin C, correlation between virion infectivity versus lipid peroxidation of virion envelopes after preloading with antioxidants. Vitamin E uses BSA as a carrier. Average ± SD; n = 3.

Measurements of plasma content of lipid soluble vitamin E (A) and vitamin A precursor (B). *, p<0.05 ns: not significant (p>0.1).

Effects of liposoluble or water soluble antioxidants (vitamin E or C, respectively) on the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation of cells or virions by the liposoluble peroxidator AMVN and their correlation with cell viability or virion infectivity. Antioxidant effects on cell lipoperoxidation and viability (A) as well as virions and virion infectivity (B) by the liposoluble peroxidator. The effects of vitamin E-BSA on cell lipoperoxidation and viability (C) as well as virions and virion infectivity (D) by the liposoluble peroxidator. The effects of vitamin C on cell lipoperoxidation and viability (E) as well as virions and virion infectivity (F) by the liposoluble peroxidator. Lipoperoxidation was evaluated by C11-Bodipy and liperfluo. Correlation analyses of the effects of liposoluble or water soluble antioxidants (vitamin E or C, respectively) on cell viability or virion infectivity and lipoperoxidation (vitamin E, evaluated with liperfluo [I] or C11-Bodipy [J]; vitamin C, evaluated with liperfluo [K] or C11-Bodipy [L]) in the absence of antioxidants (evaluated with liperfluo [G] or C11-Bodipy [H]) produced by the liposoluble peroxidator. Black empty squares, cell viability; green (liperfluo) and orange (C11-Bodipy) squares, lipoperoxidation of cell membranes; black empty circles, virion infectivity; green (liperfluo) and orange (C11-Bodipy) circles, lipoperoxidation of virion envelopes; black filled squares, correlation between cell viability versus lipid peroxidation of cell membranes; gray filled circles, correlation between virion infectivity versus lipid peroxidation of virion envelopes; red dark filled (vitamin E-BSA) and dark blue (vitamin C) squares, correlation between cell viability versus lipid peroxidation of cell membranes after preloading with antioxidants; pink light filled (vitamin E-BSA) and light blue (vitamin C) circles, correlation between virion infectivity versus lipid peroxidation of virion envelopes after preloading with antioxidants. Vitamin E uses BSA as a carrier. Average ± SD; n = 3 to 5.

Effects of liposoluble or water soluble antioxidants (vitamin E or C, respectively) on the inhibition of virion infectivity by classical lipid peroxidators in two cell lines. Vitamin E-BSA effects on the inhibition of virion infectivity by liposoluble ([A], Vero cells; [E], HFF cells) or water soluble ([B], Vero cells; [F], HFF cells) peroxidators. Vitamin C effects on the inhibition of virion infectivity by liposoluble ([C], Vero cells; [G], HFF cells) or water soluble ([D], Vero cells; [H], HFF cells) soluble peroxidators. Black empty circles, virion infectivity without antioxidants; red circles, virion infectivity after preloading with vitamin E-BSA; blue circles, virion infectivity after treatment with vitamin C. Vitamin E uses BSA as a carrier. Average ± SD; n = 3.